The two ingredients in Detox and Body Cleansing, Wasabi and Broccoli, work with the liver to more effectively rid the body of harmful substances.  The liver is responsible for cleaning out alcohol, drugs, pollutants, and other toxins which can interfere with the body's normal functions. A healthy liver is essential to overall good health, and Detox and Body Cleansing is designed to assist this vital organ.  

The liver's detoxification process works in two phases.  In Phase I, toxins are converted into other substances which are more easily broken down.  In Phase II, these substances are converted by enzymes into new compounds which can be easily excreted from the body by the digestive system.


WASABI BACKGROUND:

Wasabi contains high concentrations of a group of naturally occurring compounds called ITCs.  ITCs are mostly found in vegetables and can enhance the Phase II process in the liver.  Wasabi contains 10-25 times more ITCs than any other vegetable of its kind.  Furthermore, the type of ITC in wasabi is especially potent and is only found in wasabi.

In America, true Japanese wasabi is rare.  Most “wasabi” condiments are actually American horseradish mixed with starch and coloring.  This formula contains Wasabia Japonica, “true” wasabi.

BROCCOLI BACKGROUND:

Broccoli also contains a special ITC, called sulforaphane.  Sulforaphane, in addition to stimulating the enzymes which act in Phase II of detoxification in the liver, plays a role in gastrointestinal health and supports normal cell growth and division.  Broccoli contains a higher concentration of sulforaphane than any other vegetable.  Taken together, the ITCs from true wasabi and broccoli offer a powerful supplement for the liver, aiding in its cleansing and detoxification processes.

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In addition to being powerful detoxification supplements, wasabi and broccoli are being researched for their ability to fight colon cancer and other types of tumors:

REPORT FROM THE ARIZONA CANCER CENTER:

Sulphoraphane (SF), a naturally occurring isothiocyanate, is a potent anticarcinogen in animal experiments. The mechanism of action of sulphoraphane includes induction of Phase 2 detoxification enzymes, inhibition of carcinogen-activating Phase 1 enzymes, induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, and anti-inflammation. We have recently found that it was accumulated in mammalian cells by up to several hundred-fold over the extracellular concentration, primarily by conjugation with intracellular GSH. The intracellular accumulation levels of SF can reach millimolar concentrations. The anticarcinogenic activity of SF is at least partly dependent on its accumulation levels in cells. Here we show, however, that the accumulated SF was rapidly exported mainly in the form of GSH conjugate (GS-SF) in cultured human cells.

It appeared that to sustain the intracellular accumulation levels required a continuous uptake of SF to offset the rapid export of SF/GS-SF. These findings may have important implications for the development of an effective dosing regimen for SF. Moreover, the export was temperature-sensitive and was inhibited by known inhibitors of membrane pumps, suggesting the involvement of such a pump in exporting accumulated SF/GS-SF. Indeed, studies with human leukemia cells (HL60) with or without overexpression of multidrug resistance associated protein-1(MRP-1) and human myeloma cells (8226) with or without overexpression of P-glycoprotein-1 (Pgp-1) indicated that both MRP-1 and Pgp-1 are involved in the export of intracellular SF/GS-SF.

PMID: 11988104 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

RESEARCH:

WASABI, BROCCOLI, AND DETOXIFICATION:

Functional properties of wasabi and horseradish. 
Author:           Kinae, N : Masuda, H : Shin, I S : Furugori, M : Shimoi, K 
Citation:         Biofactors. 2000; 13(1-4): 265-9 
Abstract:        Wasabi (Wasabi japonica) and horseradish (Cholearia arnoracia) are used as spices of daily foodstuffs. Allylisothiocyanate (AIT) is a potent component in both plants and occurs by grating them. It is well known that AIT shows inhibitory effect on the growth of food poisoning bacteria and fungi. In this work, several functional properties of roots and leaves from wasabi and horseradish were examined in vitro. Each sample showed peroxidase activity. They also exhibited antioxidative and superoxide scavenging potency. Antimutagenic activity was observed toward 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline [MeIQx], a well-known mutagen/carcinogen in broiled fish and meat. They also decreased His+ revertant colonies of 3-chloro-4-dichloromethyl-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (MX) in the Ames test, a strong mutagen and carcinogen in chlorine disinfected tap water. Isolation of antimutagenic components in wasabi root was done. Three components including (-)-(R)-7-methylsulfinylheptyl isothiocyanate were identified. These data show that wasabi and horseradish might be potent functional foods for keeping human health. 

FROM THE WALES NATIONAL HEALTH SERVICE:

QUESTION:
Is there any evidence on sulphoraphane (sulforaphane) or "super broccoli" hyped as the designer vegetable for cancer prevention?

ANSWER:
BBC Health ran a story on their web page in May 2000 about a "super broccoli to fight cancer". They report "Food scientists have created a type of super-broccoli that has an enhanced ability to reduce the risk of cancer… Broccoli contains a chemical called sulphoraphane which helps neutralise cancer-causing substances found in the gut...[Trials are to be carried out] by the government funded John Innes Centre in Norwich, which will compare the effect of super-broccoli and ordinary broccoli on human volunteers…Two companies, Unilever and the American company Seminis, have already expressed interest in producing the broccoli seeds on a commercial basis."

They refer to a paper in the New Scientist that claims the super broccoli contains 10-100 times the amount of sulphoraphane as normal broccoli.

The researchers involved reported in a 1998 paper and state "The putative anticarcinogenic activity of Brassica vegetables has been associated with the presence of certain glucosinolates. 4-Methylsulphinylbutyl isothiocyanate (sulphoraphane), derived from the corresponding glucosinolate found in broccoli, has previously been identified as a potent inducer of the anticarcinogenic marker enzyme quinone reductase [NADP(H):quinone-acceptor oxidoreductase] in murine hepatoma Hepa 1c1c7 cells. We have therefore produced a broccoli hybrid with increased levels of this anticarcinogenic glucosinolate and tested the ability of extracts to induce quinone reductase. A 10-fold increase in the level of 4-methylsulphinylbutyl glucosinolate was obtained by crossing broccoli cultivars with selected wild taxa of the Brassica oleracea (chromosome number, n = 9) complex. Tissue from these hybrids exhibited a >100-fold increase in the ability to induce quinone reductase in Hepa 1c1c7 cells over broccoli cultivars, due to both an increase in 4-methylsulphinylbutyl glucosinolate content and increased percentage conversion to sulphoraphane."

A search through our usual medical sources found a number of studies looking at sulphoraphane or broccoli and cancer, although none as yet report on trial results from the "super broccoli". The abstracts are reproduced below.

• "The results of six cohort studies and 74 case-control studies on the association between brassica consumption and cancer risk are summarised. The cohort studies showed inverse associations between the consumption of brassica's and risk of lung cancer, stomach cancer, all cancers taken together. Of the case-control studies 64% showed an inverse association between consumption of one or more brassica vegetables and risk of cancer at various sites. Although the measured effects might have been distorted by various types of bias, it is concluded that a high consumption of brassica vegetables is associated with a decreased risk of cancer. This association appears to be most consistent for lung, stomach, colon and rectal cancer, and least consistent for prostatic, endometrial and ovarian cancer. It is not yet possible to resolve whether associations are to be attributed to brassica vegetables per se or to vegetables in general."

• "The results of 7 cohort studies and 87 case-control studies on the association between brassica consumption and cancer risk are summarised. The cohort studies showed inverse associations between the consumption of cabbage, cauliflower, and broccoli and risk of lung cancer; between the consumption of brassicas and risk of stomach cancer; between broccoli consumption and risk of all cancers taken together; and between brassica consumption and the occurrence of second primary cancers. Of the case-control studies, 67% showed an inverse association between consumption of total brassica vegetables and risk of cancer at various sites. For cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, and Brussels sprouts, these percentages were 70, 56, 67, and 29%, respectively."

 

Bladder cancer:

• "Two hundred fifty-two cases of incident bladder cancer were diagnosed from 1986 through January 31, 1996, among 47,909 men enrolled in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study. Each participant in this cohort completed a 131-item food frequency questionnaire in 1986 and subsequently in 1990 and 1994. We used logistic regression analyses to examine fruit and vegetable intake in relation to bladder cancer risk, after adjusting for age, history of cigarette smoking, current smoking status, geographic region, total fluid intake, and caloric intake. We observed a weak inverse association that was not statistically significant between total fruit and vegetable intake and bladder cancer risk. Intake of cruciferous vegetables was inversely associated with risk (relative risk = 0.49; 95% confidence interval 0.32-0.75, for the highest category of cruciferous vegetable intake compared with the lowest), but intakes of yellow or green leafy vegetables or carotenoid-rich vegetables were not associated with risk. Individual cruciferous vegetables, except for coleslaw, were all inversely related to bladder cancer risk, but only the associations for broccoli and cabbage were statistically significant."

Colorectal adenomas:

• "We hypothesised that broccoli consumption in combination with the glutathione transferase M1 (GSTM1) null genotype would be associated with a lower prevalence of colorectal adenomas because of higher isothiocyanate levels. We used a case-control study of mainly asymptomatic subjects aged 50-74 years. Cases (n = 459) had a first-time diagnosis of histologically confirmed adenomas detected by flexible sigmoidoscopy. Controls (n = 507) had no polyp detected. Subjects with the highest quartile of broccoli intake (an average of 3.7 servings per week) had an odds ratio of 0.47 (95% confidence interval, 0.30-0.73) for colorectal adenomas, compared with subjects who reportedly never ate broccoli. When stratified by GSTM1 genotype, a protective effect of broccoli was observed only among subjects with the GSTM1 null genotype (P for trend, 0.001; P for interaction, 0.01). The observed broccoli-GSTM1 interaction is compatible with an isothiocyanate mechanism."

 

 

WASABI, BROCCOLI, AND CANCER PREVENTION:

Colon cancer proliferating desulfosinigrin in Wasabi (Wasabia japonica).
Author:                       Weil,-M.J.; Zhang,-Y.; Nair,-M.G.
Citation:         Nutrition and Cancer. 2004, v. 48, no. 2 p. 207-213.
Abstract:        A reduced incidence of different types of cancer has been linked to consumption of Brassica vegetables, and there is evidence that glucosinolates (GSLs) and their hydrolysis products play a role in reducing cancer risk. Wasabi (Wasabia japonica) and horseradish (Armoracia rusticana), both Brassica vegetables, are widely used condiments both in Japanese cuisine and in the United States. Desulfosinigrin (DSS) (1) was isolated from a commercially available wasabi powder and from fresh wasabi roots. Sinigrin (2) was isolated from horseradish roots. DSS and sinigrin were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzymes, on lipid peroxidation, and on the proliferation of human colon (HCT-116), breast (MCF-7), lung (NCI H460), and central nervous system (CNS, SF-268) cancer cell lines. DSS did not inhibit COX enzymes or lipid peroxidation at 250 mg/ml. Sinigrin inhibited lipid peroxidation by 71% at 250 microgram/ml. However, DSS promoted the growth of HCT-116 ( colon) and NCI H460 (lung) human cancer cells as determined by the MTT assay in a concentration-dependent manner. At 3.72 microgram/ml, a 27% increase in the number of viable human HCT-116 colon cancer cells was observed; the corresponding increases at 7.50 and 15 microgram/ml were 42 and 69%, respectively. At 60 microgram/ml, DSS doubled the number of HCT-116 colon cancer cells. For NCI H460 human lung cancer cells, DSS at 60 microgram/ml increased the cell number by 20%. Sinigrin showed no proliferating effect on the tumor cells tested. This is the first report of the tumor cell-proliferating activity by a desulfoglucosinolate, the biosynthetic precursor of GSLs found in Brassica spp.



Antiplatelet and anticancer isothiocyanates in Japanese domestic horseradish, wasabi.
Author:                       Morimitsu, Y : Hayashi, K : Nakagawa, Y : Horio, F : Uchida, K : Osawa, T
Citation:         Biofactors. 2000; 13(1-4): 271-6
Abstract:        6-Methylsulfinylhexyl isothiocyanate (MS-ITC) was isolated from wasabi (Wasabia japonica, Japanese domestic horseradish) as a potential inhibitor of human platelet aggregation in vitro through our extensive screening of vegetables and fruits. In the course of another screening for the induction of glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity in RL34 cells. MS-ITC was inadvertently isolated from wasabi as a potential inducer of GST. MS-ITC administered to rats or mice also showed both activities in vivo. As a result from elucidation of the platelet aggregation inhibition and the GST induction mechanisms of MS-ITC, the isothiocyanate moiety of MS-ITC plays an important role for antiplatelet and anticancer activities because of its highly reactivity with sulfhydryl (-SH) groups in biomolecules (GSH, cysteine residue in a certain protein, etc.).



The effect of 6-methylthiohexyl isothiocyanate isolated from Wasabia japonica (wasabi) on 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-buatnone-induced lung tumorigenesis in mice.
Author:           Yano, T : Yajima, S : Virgona, N : Yano, Y : Otani, S : Kumagai, H : Sakurai, H : Kishimoto, M : Ichikawa, T
Citation:         Cancer-Lett. 2000 Jul 31; 155(2): 115-20
Abstract:        The present study was undertaken to estimate the effect of 6-methylthiohexyl isothiocyanate (6MHITC) isolated from Wasabia japonica (wasabi) pretreatment on 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone(NNK)-induced lung tumorigenesis in mice. Pretreatment with 6MHITC for 4 consecutive days at a daily dose of 5 micromol significantly inhibited NNK-induced O(6)-methylguanine formation in lungs at 4 h after the injection. In conjugation with this inhibitory effect, 6MHITC suppressed the increase in proliferating nuclear cell antigen level as well as ornithine decarboxylase activity at a promotion stage of NNK-induced lung tumorigenesis. Finally, this treatment of 6MHITC suppressed the NNK-induced lung tumorigenesis in mice. These results suggest that 6MHITC inhibits the development of lung tumors in mice treated with NNK, due to the suppression of initiation stage.



High cellular accumulation of sulphoraphane, a dietary anticarcinogen, is followed by rapid transporter-mediated export as a glutathione conjugate.
Author:                       Zhang, Yuesheng : Callaway, Eileen C
Citation:         Biochem-J. 2002 May 15; 364(Pt 1): 301-7
Abstract:        Sulphoraphane (SF), a naturally occurring isothiocyanate, is a potent anticarcinogen in animal experiments. The mechanism of action of sulphoraphane includes induction of Phase 2 detoxification enzymes, inhibition of carcinogen-activating Phase 1 enzymes, induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, and anti-inflammation. We have recently found that it was accumulated in mammalian cells by up to several hundred-fold over the extracellular concentration, primarily by conjugation with intracellular GSH. The intracellular accumulation levels of SF can reach millimolar concentrations. The anticarcinogenic activity of SF is at least partly dependent on its accumulation levels in cells. Here we show, however, that the accumulated SF was rapidly exported mainly in the form of GSH conjugate (GS-SF) in cultured human cells. It appeared that to sustain the intracellular accumulation levels required a continuous uptake of SF to offset the rapid export of SF/GS-SF. These findings may have important implications for the development of an effective dosing regimen for SF. Moreover, the export was temperature-sensitive and was inhibited by known inhibitors of membrane pumps, suggesting the involvement of such a pump in exporting accumulated SF/GS-SF. Indeed, studies with human leukemia cells (HL60) with or without overexpression of multidrug resistance associated protein-1(MRP-1) and human myeloma cells (8226) with or without overexpression of P-glycoprotein-1 (Pgp-1) indicated that both MRP-1 and Pgp-1 are involved in the export of intracellular SF/GS-SF.

 

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