Healthy
Progesterone Function

A safe, natural formula to maintain normal
hormone metabolism in the body

               Price range:   1-2 containers: $26.50 each.    3-5:  $23.00  6+: $21.50

 

Healthy Progesterone Function can be used to promote the activity of progesterone, one of the most important hormones in the body.  The herbal ingredients in this formula are phytoprogesterones, substances from plants which mimic the activity of progesterone in the body.

Progesterone is produced by the ovaries and the adrenal gland.  It is essential in regulating the activity of the reproductive system in females, and in both men and women it is important to the nervous system.

Abnormal progesterone activity can lead to irregularities in the menstrual cycle and decreased facility in mem-ory and cognitive function.  Supplementing the benefits of proges-terone with herbal ingredients is a safe way to assure optimal functioning of these vital processes.

 

(Click for complete ingredients.)

For more information and research summaries, click the name of each ingredient below.


THE INGREDIENTS IN HEALTHY PROGESTERONE FUNCTION ARE:

Many of the components of this formula have been used in Chinese herbal medicine for hundreds of years. Chinese Foxglove Root (Rehmannia) has the traditional function of treating menstrual irregularities and uterine bleeding.  It contains a variety of nutrients including vitamins A, B, C, D, and important amino acids.  The compounds in Chinese foxglove exhibit anti-inflammatory and anti-fungal effects.

Bupleurum plays a similar role in relieving menstrual irregularities.  In herbal medicine, bupleurum is used to treat spasms, depression, and liver conditions.  The primary chemical constituents of Bupleurum Root include fatty acids, glycosides, oleic acid, palmitic acid, quercetin and narcissi.  This herb also contains constituents known as saikosaponins that appear to account for much of the medicinal activity of the plant.  Its activity in the liver is associated with the detoxification process.

Passion flower, also recognized in German homeopathic medicine, acts as a calming agent and improves mood, activities which progesterone also contributes to.  Passion flower has been shown to be useful in treating insomnia, nervousness, and depression.   Its effects on the nervous system are similar to the calming effects which natural progesterone has on the body.

The cognitive benefits of passion flower are supported by peony root, which has also been used to treat migraines and excitability.  Some evidence shows that it may be used as an emmenagogue, a substance which induces menstruation.  As an herbal supplement, peony root promotes the health of the digestive system, and alleviates nervous system conditions such as migraines, epilepsy, nerve pain, and excitability.

Coleus forskohlii is a source of forskolin, a natural substance which has the ability to help cells respond to hormones.  This herb may support the body’s ability to use progesterone.  Forskolin is a vital compound to the health of cells.  The most recent research indicates that forskolin may also be used to treat urinary tract infections more effectively than current methods.

Wild yam has been used in the artificial production of progesterone for birth control pills.  Traditionally it has been prescribed for menstrual cramps and morning sickness, among other discomforts.  Wild yam works by easing muscular spasms and as an anti-inflammatory substance.  One of its components, diosgenin, can be converted into steroidal substances which may combat symptoms of menopause.

Chasteberry was believed to encourage chastity in women, and this belief stems from its effects on hormone production in the body.  Chasteberry inhibits prolactin and follicle stimulating hormone while supporting the production of the chemical dopamine.  It is used to encourage menstruation, alleviate pain in the uterus, and relax swollen ovaries.

Phyoprogesterones and other herbs which support the healthy functioning of progesterone are safe alternatives to hormone therapy which can cause many adverse side effects as well as increase the risk of cancer.  Supporting the optimal function of progesterone is vital to overall good health and the regulation of the body’s important systems.

 

 

 

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A Laboratory Study Supporting the Use of Phyoprogesterones:
 
“Evaluation of estrogenic activity of plant extracts for the potential treatment of menopausal symptoms.”
Liu, J : Burdette, J E : Xu, H : Gu, C : van Breemen, R B : Bhat, K P : Booth, N : Constantinou, A I : Pezzuto, J M : Fong, H H : Farnsworth, N R : Bolton, J L;  J-Agric-Food-Chem. 2001 May; 49(5): 2472-9 
Eight botanical preparations that are commonly used for the treatment of menopausal symptoms were tested for estrogenic activity. Methanol extracts of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), chasteberry (Vitex agnus-castus L.), and hops (Humulus lupulus L.) showed significant competitive binding to estrogen receptors alpha (ER alpha) and beta (ER beta). With cultured Ishikawa (endometrial) cells, red clover and hops exhibited estrogenic activity as indicated by induction of alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity and up-regulation of progesterone receptor (PR) mRNA. Chasteberry also stimulated PR expression, but no induction of AP activity was observed. In S30 breast cancer cells, pS2 (presenelin-2), another estrogen-inducible gene, was up-regulated in the presence of red clover, hops, and chasteberry. Interestingly, extracts of Asian ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) and North American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) induced pS2 mRNA expression in S30 cells, but no significant ER binding affinity, AP induction, or PR expression was noted in Ishikawa cells. Dong quai [Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels] and licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) showed only weak ER binding and PR and pS2 mRNA induction. Black cohosh [Cimicifuga racemosa (L.) Nutt.] showed no activity in any of the above in vitro assays. Bioassay-guided isolation utilizing ER competitive binding as a monitor and screening using ultrafiltration LC-MS revealed that genistein was the most active component of red clover. Consistent with this observation, genistein was found to be the most effective of four red clover isoflavones tested in the above in vitro assays. Therefore, estrogenic components of plant extracts can be identified using assays for estrogenic activity along with screening and identification of the active components using ultrafiltration LC-MS. These data suggest a potential use for some dietary supplements, ingested by human beings, in the treatment of menopausal symptoms. 

CHINESE FOXGLOVE ROOT (REHMANNIA):

PDRHealth.com reports:

In China, this herb is often recommended for insomnia, restlessness, night sweats, chronic fever, and hot flashes. It's also considered a remedy for menstrual irregularity and uterine bleeding, especially after childbirth, and is taken for light-headedness, palpitations, stiff joints, low back pain, constipation, blurred vision, and hearing problems. Its effectiveness remains to be verified.

What It Is; Why It Works:
In Chinese medicine, this thick, reddish yellow root is often cooked in wine and used as a tonic for the effects of aging. Its mode of action is unknown.

Avoid If...
People with digestive problems, especially those with a tendency to develop gas or bloating, should use Chinese Foxglove carefully; the cooked root can distend the abdomen and cause loose stools.

Special Cautions:
Side effects may include diarrhea, nausea, and abdominal pain. To prevent these problems, Chinese herbalists frequently include in their Chinese Foxglove preparations an additive called "grains-of-paradise fruit."

Studies Find:

“Effect of Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch extracts on bone metabolism.”
Oh,-K-O; Kim,-S-W; Kim,-J-Y; Ko,-S-Y; Kim,-H-M; Baek,-J-H; Ryoo,-H-M; Kim,-J-K.  Clin-Chim-Acta. 2003 Aug; 334(1-2): 185-95
BACKGROUND: Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch extracts (RGX) were investigated to determine if they play roles in bone metabolism. METHODS: The effects on osteoblasts were determined by measuring (1) cell proliferation, (2) alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, (3) mRNA expression of bone-related proteins, (4) transcriptional activity of Runx2, and (5) osteoprotegerin (OPG) secretion. The effects on the osteoclasts were investigated by measuring (1) tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive [TRAP(+)] multinucleated cell (MNC) formation and (2) resorption areas after culturing osteoclast precursors. Bone mineral density (BMD) measurements and histological observations on rats were also carried out. RESULTS: RGX treatment showed a significant increase in both the proliferation and ALP activity of osteoblasts. RGX increased the expression of the bone-related genes. OPG secretion was markedly increased after RGX treatment. In addition, RGX treatment decreased the number of TRAP(+) MNCs and the resorption areas. In vi vo studies using ovariectomy-induced osteoporotic rats revealed that RGX alleviated the decrease in the trabecular BMD, and increased the cortical bone thickness and trabeculation of the bone marrow spaces. CONCLUSIONS: RGX stimulates the proliferation and activities of osteoblasts, while inhibiting the generation and resorptive activities of osteoclasts. It also shows preventive effects on osteoporotic bone loss induced by an ovariectomy. Although the active substances have not yet been identified, it is believed that the RGX seems to contain active components that have a potential to enhance the bone metabolism in osteoporosis.


“ Pregnancy in premature ovarian failure after therapy using Chinese herbal medicine.”
Chao,-S-L; Huang,-L-W; Yen,-H-R, Chang-Gung-Med-J. 2003 Jun; 26(6): 449-52
We present ovulation that occurred after the administration of traditional Chinese herbal medicine for 3 months in a woman with premature ovarian failure (POF) and secondary amenorrhea for 8 years. Traditional Chinese medicine concentrated herbal extracts of cooked rehmannia, Chinese yam, wolfberry fruit, dogwood fruit, cyathula root, dodder seed, antler glue, tortoise-plastron glue, epimedium and morinda root were prescribed, which were a modification of the herbal formula Zuo-gui-wan. When the patient discontinued the Chinese herbal medicine treatment and tried therapy with clomiphene citrate, neither ovulation nor conception occurred. Eight months after beginning clomiphene citrate therapy, the concentrations of follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone were still in the postmenopausal range. The modified formula of Zuo-gui-wan was prescribed again and the patient conceived 1 month after taking Zuo-gui-wan. Thus, we suggested that Chinese herbal medicine restored ovarian function effectively and promptly, and offers another option for treating infertility in patients with POF. 

Rehmannia Facts, from NutriHerb.net
Rehmannia is a perennial herb with reddish-violet flowers native to China, Japan and Korea. Its common name is Chinese Foxglove. Rehmannia's root is used medicinally in Oriental medicine to replenish vitality, to strengthen the liver, kidney and heart and for treatment of a variety of ailments like diabetes, constipation, anemia, urinary tract problems, dizziness and regulation of menstrual flow.

How Rehmannia Works:
Rehmannia contains Vitamins A, B, C, D, amino acids, cerebroside, dammelittoside, melittoside, rehmaglitin and other substances that have anti-inflammatory and anti-fungal properties. It helps prevent depletion of glycogen for hypoglycemia and helps disperse heat from the body. Its astringent compounds help stop bleeding of ulcers and reduce inflammation of the digestive system. Other compounds work to reduce capillary fragility and help protect the adrenal glands and liver function. Rehmannia tonifies the blood and helps with deficiencies, working as a blood tonic.

Possible Benefits:
Blood tonic and diuretic, relieves fatigue and helps with anemia, promotes healing of injured bones, strengthens the liver, kidney and heart, reduces blood pressure and lowers glucose levels and cholesterol, increases circulation to the brain, regulates menstrual flow and helps with urinary tract problems, helps with constipation, and is useful for hypoglycemia and diabetes.

Usage Guidelines:
Rehmannia is considered a relatively safe herb and no adverse reactions or drug interactions are known. Mild side effects one might experience when first taking Rehmannia include diarrhea, abdominal pain, dizziness, or palpitations.

Note:
This information is based on reputable resources and scientific research, but there is no guarantee that what we know today, will change with time. Readers should not use this information for self-diagnosis or self-treatment, but should always consult a medical professional regarding any medical problems and before undertaking any major dietary changes. This information is not meant to be substituted for medical advice.

BUPLEURUM:

Bupleurum Root is used in the treatment of chronic hepatitis, enlarged liver or spleen, chemical liver damage, liver stasis or liver congestion, depression and irregular menstruation. It is cited as an herb that increases protein synthesis in the liver, and reduces inflammation by inhibiting prostaglandin production.

History and Uses:
Bupleurum Root is one of the most important herbs used in Chinese herbal medicine.  The Chinese name for Bupleurum, chai hu, means "kindling of the barbarians." The part of this plant used medicinally is the root, which is dug up in spring or autumn, dried in the sun and then cut into short pieces.  Bupleurum is not a tonic herb, but it is useful in the tonic system because of its ability to relieve liver tension and digestive disturbances, and also because its actions are detoxifying and antimicrobial. 

Bupleurum is believed to clear "stagnation" virtually anywhere in the body and can also be used to relieve spasms, muscle tension, as well as reduce lumps and bleeding due to menstrual irregularity.  An essential oil in Bupleurum is thought to be responsible for its ability to relieve surface heat.  This herb is considered anti-inflammatory, hepato-protective, mildly sedative, antipyretic (reducing fever), analgesic, adaptogen and antitussive. 

The primary chemical constituents of Bupleurum Root include fatty acids, glycosides, oleic acid, palmitic acid, quercetin and narcissin.  This herb also contains constituents known as saikosaponins that appear to account for much of the medicinal activity of the plant.  Bupleurum Root is a primary herb in dozens of classical formulations, which serve a wide variety of harmonizing activities, all of which regulate body energy, help relieve blockages in the body and discharge toxins safely from the system. 

As time go by, these Bupleurum-based formulas typically become less and less necessary, until eventually they need only be used occasionally, if at all.  It can be used for treating the common cold that is accompanied by alternating symptoms of chills and fever; chest pain; prolapse of the anus, uterus and other internal organs; and irregular menstruation. 

It is also effective for women with menstrual problems associated with premenstrual syndrome (PMS).  Regarding its effective liver cleansing capabilities, one of its most important activities is to continually eliminate impurities and waste matter from the system: Bupleurum has a unique reputation for deeply cleansing this overburdened organ.

According to PDRHealth.com…

Popular in Chinese medicine, Bupleurum Root is considered a remedy for bloated stomach, pressure in the chest, chills, fever, indigestion, malaria, menstrual problems, nausea, uterine prolapse, and vertigo. Its effectiveness for these problems has not been scientifically verified; but clinical tests suggest that it might be effective in the treatment of flu and tuberculosis.

The Chinese regard this herb as especially useful for reducing fever and relieving irritability. Only the root is considered medicinal.

Avoid If...
No known medical conditions preclude the use of Bupleurum.

Special Cautions:
An excessive dose may cause nausea.

Published Studies:

 “Vasorelaxant effects of the chloroformic crude extract of Bupleurum fruticosum L. (Umbelliferae) roots on rat thoracic aorta.”
Testai,-L; Silvio,-C; Ammar,-B; Luisa,-P; Vincenzo,-C; Martinotti,-E; J-Ethnopharmacol. 2005 Jan; 96(1-2): 93-7
The chloroformic crude extract of roots of Bupleurum fruticosum L. (Umbelliferae) showed a concentration-dependent vasorelaxing effect on aortic rings endothelium-deprived and pre-contracted by norepinephrine (NE). The pharmacological effect was not produced through the stimulation of cyclooxygenase, adenyl cyclase, or guanylyl cyclase, since selective inhibitors did not prevent the extract-induced responses. The incubation of the aortic rings with the chloroformic extract (10(-4)g/ml) produced a depression of the concentration-contractile response curve to NE, in normal conditions, and this effect was more evident in Ca(2+)-free Tyrode solution, suggesting an action on the intracellular mobilization of Ca(2+) ions. Moreover, the vasodilator action of Bupleurum fruticosum extract was resistant to the pre-treatment with nifedipine and to the pre-treatment with cyclopiazonic acid (blocker of Ca(2+)/ATPase). Finally, the chloroformic extract of Bupleurum fruticosum produced a reduction of the contraction obtaine d by caffeine, an opener of ryanodine-sensitive receptors, suggesting that the plant could elicit the vasorelaxing response by the blockade of ryanodine-sensitive Ca(2+) channels of the sarcoplasmic reticulum.


 “In vivo anti-inflammatory activity of saponins from Bupleurum rotundifolium.”
Navarro, P : Giner, R M : Recio, M C : Manez, S : Cerda Nicolas, M : Rios, J L; Life-Sci. 2001 Jan 26; 68(10): 1199-206
Seven oleanane-type triterpene saponins were isolated from the methanolic extract of the aerial parts of Bupleurum rotundifolium. They were identified on the basis of their spectral data as 3-O-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1--)2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1--)2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-28-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1--)2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl] echinocystic acid (saponin 1), 3-O-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1--)2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1--)2)-beta-D-fucopyranosyl] 11-methoxy-primulagenin A (saponin 2), rotundioside E (saponin 3), rotundioside F (saponin 4), 3beta-sulfate, 28-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1--)6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1--)2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1--)2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl] ester of primulagenin A (saponin 5), rotundioside C (saponin 6) and 3-O-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1--)2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1--)2)-beta-D-fucopyranosyl] 11-methoxy-16beta,21alpha,28-trihydroxyolean-12-ene (saponin 7). All these saponins proved to be effective against TPA-induced ear edema in mice. Their ID50 were determined to be 248, 288, 128, 99 and 297 nmol/ear for saponin 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6, respectively. Saponins 3 and 6 were also active on a TPA multiple-dose model of skin chronic inflammation.

PASSION FLOWER:

The University of Maryland Medical Center:

Overview:
Passionflower (Passiflora incarnata) was used in traditional remedies as a "calming" herb for anxiety, insomnia, seizures, and hysteria. During the early twentieth century, this herb was included in many over-the-counter sedatives and sleep aids. In 1978, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) banned these preparations due to a lack of proven effectiveness. In Germany, however, passionflower is available as an over-the-counter sedative (in combination with other calming herbs such as valerian and lemon balm). It is also used in German homeopathic medicine to treat pain, insomnia, and nervous restlessness. Today, professional herbalists use passionflower (often in combination with other calming herbs) to help treat insomnia, tension, and other health problems related to anxiety and nervousness.

Plant Description:
Native to the southeastern regions of North America, passionflower is now grown throughout Europe. It is a perennial climbing vine with herbaceous shoots and a sturdy woody stem that grows to a length of nearly 10 meters. Each flower has petals varying in color from white to pale red. Inside the petals are wreaths that form rays and surround the axis of the flower. According to folklore, the passionflower was given its name because its corona resembles the crown of thorns worn by Jesus during the crucifixion. The passionflower's ripe fruit is an orange-colored, multi-seeded, egg-shaped berry containing an edible, sweetish yellow pulp.

Medicinal Uses and Indications:
Although the safety and effectiveness of passionflower have not been thoroughly investigated in scientific studies, many professional herbalists report that this herb is effective in relieving anxiety, insomnia, and related nervous disorders. Also, there are some over the counter remedies for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) that contain passionflower along with valerian, kava, and lemon balm. The safety and effectiveness for these combination remedies for ADHD is not known, particularly since there have been case reports of hepatitis from kava.

One recent study including 36 men and women with generalized anxiety disorder found that passionflower was as effective as a leading anti-anxiety medication when taken for one month. A second study including 91 people with anxiety symptoms revealed that an herbal European product containing passionflower and other herbal sedatives significantly reduced symptoms compared to placebo.

An earlier study, however, failed to detect any benefits from an herbal tablet containing passionflower, valerian, and other sedative herbs.

Passionflower may also relieve anxiety in people who are recovering from heroin addiction. In a recent study including 65 heroin addicts, those who received passionflower in addition to a standard detoxification medication experienced significantly fewer feelings of anxiety than those who received the medication alone.

Precautions:
The use of herbs is a time-honored approach to strengthening the body and treating disease. Herbs, however, contain active substances that can trigger side effects and that can interact with other herbs, supplements, or medications. For these reasons, herbs should be taken with care, preferably under the supervision of a practitioner knowledgeable in the field of botanical medicine.

In general, passionflower is considered to be safe and nontoxic. However, there are isolated reports of adverse reactions associated with this herb. Nausea, vomiting, drowsiness, and rapid heartbeat are among some of the adverse reactions reported.

Do not take passionflower if you are pregnant or breastfeeding.

Possible Interactions:

SEDATIVES
An animal study has demonstrated that passionflower enhances the effects of pentobarbital, a medication used to promote sleep and for seizure disorders. Caution is advised when taking passionflower with sedatives because the herb may increase the effects of these substances. Additional examples of medications with sedative properties include certain antihistamines, such as diphenhydramine and hydroxyzine; drugs for anxiety, like a class called benzodiazipines including diazepam and lorazepam; and other medications used to treat insomnia. Interestingly, passionflower appears to work similarly to benzodiazipines.

PDRHealth.com:

“Passion Flower”
LATIN NAME: Passiflora incarnata
OTHER NAMES: Granadilla, Maypop, Passion Vine

A REMEDY FOR INSOMNIA AND NERVOUSNESS:
Although proven effective only for edginess and insomnia, Passion Flower has also been used as a remedy for depression and nervous stomach. Homeopathic practitioners prescribe it for asthma and whooping cough. Applied externally, it has been used for hemorrhoids.

WHAT IT IS; WHY IT WORKS:
This perennial vine, which reaches 30 feet in length, grows naturally from the southeastern U.S. to Brazil and Argentina, and is cultivated in Europe as a garden plant. The blossoms are considered symbolic of Christ's Passion (their central corona, for instance, represents the Crown of Thorns), accounting for their name. 

The above-ground parts of the plant hold its medicinal value. In animal tests, researchers found that the plant slows the passage of food through the digestive tract.

Studies:

“Phytochemical composition and antioxidant stability of fortified yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis).”
Talcott, S T : Percival, S S : Pittet Moore, J : Celoria, C; J-Agric-Food-Chem. 2003 Feb 12; 51(4): 935-41
Yellow passion fruit juice (PFJ, Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa) is an important component of many tropical fruit beverages, but limited data exist on its antioxidant chemical composition and stability during processing and storage. PFJ fortified with ascorbic acid (450 mg/L) and sucrose (10%) was compared to a nonfortified control, and each was evaluated with and without vacuum deaeration to remove dissolved oxygen. Following pasteurization, juices were stored for 28 days at 37 degrees C to accentuate physicochemical changes. Pasteurization (85 degrees C for 30 min) resulted in minor changes to physicochemical attributes, but appreciable changes occurred during storage that resulted in termination of the study after 28 days. Oxygen control strategies proved to be ineffective for quality retention and indicated oxygen-independent reactions affecting juice color, phytochemical content, and antioxidant activity. Ascorbic acid and sucrose fortification had an overall preservation effect on total carotenoids, the former resulting in hyperchromic shifts in absorbance, indicating their chemoprotection. Pasteurization resulted in a 25% loss in l-ascorbic acid, which was completely destroyed after 14 days of storage; losses coincided with increased juice browning and formation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural. Numerous polyphenolics were present in PFJ, and 16 of them were tentatively characterized on the basis of spectral similarities to known standards. Individually, polyphenolics increased during pasteurization, only to decline during storage at elevated temperatures. Antioxidant activity was measured in PFJ and in two subfractions (hydrophilic and lipophilic) after processing and storage, but antioxidant values were nonadditive. A significant chemical interaction affecting antioxidant capacity was found for hydrophilic juice components, but none was observed in the presence of lipophilic phytochemicals. Physicochemical attributes and overall quality of PFJ were retained following pasteurization but were significantly impacted by degradative reactions during accelerated storage.

Supporting Research:
Akhondzadeh S, Naghavi HR, Vazirian M, Shayeganpour A, Rashidi H, Khani M. Passionflower in the treatment of generalized anxiety: a pilot double-blind randomized controlled trial with oxazepam. J Clin Pharm Ther. 2001;26(5):369-373.
Akhondzadeh S. Passionflower in the treatment of opiates withdrawal: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. J Clin Pharm Ther. 2001;26(5):369-373.
Baumgaertel A. Alternative and controversial treatments for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Pediatr Clin of North Am. 1999;46(5):977-992.
Blumenthal M, Busse WR, Goldberg A, et al. ed. The Complete German Commission E Monographs. Boston, Mass: Integrative Medicine Communications; 1998: 179-180.
Blumenthal M, Goldberg A, Brinckmann J. Herbal Medicine: Expanded Commission E Monographs. Newton, MA: Integrative Medicine Communications; 2000:293-296.
Bourin M, Bougerol T, Guitton B, Broutin E. A combination of plant extracts in the treatment of outpatients with adjustment disorder with anxious mood: controlled study versus placebo. Fundam Clin Pharmacol. 1997;11:127-132.
Brinker F. Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions. 2nd ed. Sandy, Ore: Eclectic Medical; 1998:109-110.
Capasso A, Pinto A. Experimental investigations of the synergistic-sedative effect of passiflora and kava. Acta Therapeutica. 1995;21:127-140
Cauffield JS, Forbes HJ. Dietary supplements used in the treatment of depression, anxiety, and sleep disorders. Lippincotts Prim Care Pract. 1999; 3(3):290-304.
Ernst E, ed. Passionflower. The Desktop Guide to Complementary and Alternative Medicine. Edinburgh: Mosby; 2001:140-141.
Gruenwald J, Brendler T, Jaenicke C, ed. PDR for Herbal Medicines. 2nd ed. Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics Company; 2000:573-575.
Newall C, Anderson L, Phillipson J. Herbal Medicines: A Guide for Health-care Professionals. London, England: Pharmaceutical Press; 1996: 206-207.
Rotblatt M, Ziment I. Evidence-Based Herbal Medicine. Philadelphia, PA: Hanley & Belfus, Inc; 2002;294-297.
Soulimani R, Younos C, Jarmouni S, Bousta D, Misslin R, Mortier F. Behavioural effects of Passiflora incarnata L. and its indole alkaloid and flavonoid derivatives and maltol in the mouse. J Ethnopharmacol. 1997;57(1):11-20.
Speroni E, Minghetti A. Neuropharmacological activity of extracts from Passiflora incarnata.Planta Medica. 1988;54:488-491.
White L, Mavor S. Kids, Herbs, Health. Loveland, Colo: Interweave Press; 1998:22, 38.
Zal HM. Five herbs for depression, anxiety, and sleep disorders. Uses, benefits, and adverse effects. Consultant. 1999;3343-3349.

PEONY ROOT:
“Peony” by PDRHealth.com:

Latin name: Paeonia officinalis

A Remedy For:
Peony is prescribed as a remedy for hemorrhoids and rheumatism, but its effectiveness remains unproven. Other unverified uses include treatment of diseases of the skin and mucous membranes, gout, and respiratory ailments. Peony root has also been used, without substantiation, for chronic weakness and fatigue, nerve pain, migraine, allergies, excitability, epilepsy, and whooping cough; and the flower has been used to induce vomiting and abortion. In Asian medicine, Peony is considered a remedy for menstrual disorders, discolorations on the skin, bloody vomiting, and seizures. Homeopathic practitioners use it for ulcers and hemorrhoids.

What It Is; Why It Works:
The Peony has inspired more than its share of superstition. Some claimed it was of divine origin, others that it came from the moon, or that it averted evil spirits and tempests. The ancient Greek philosopher Theophrastus advised gathering Peony only at night, for if a woodpecker spies a man gathering it, "he is in danger [of losing] his eyes."

The Peony's medicinal uses seem equally overblown. The only effect that research has been able to identify is a tendency to boost muscular tension in animal tests. No painkilling action has been documented.

Special Cautions:
Side effects become more likely as the dosage is increased. They include such stomach complaints as vomiting, cramps, and diarrhea.

Special Information If You Are Pregnant or Breastfeeding:
Given the plant's history as an abortive agent, it would seem wise to avoid it during pregnancy.

Overdosage:
Symptoms such as vomiting, cramps, and diarrhea could well be a sign of overdose. If you suspect an overdose, seek medical attention immediately.

The Encyclopedia of Alternative Medicine:

General use:
Under the name bai shao, white peony root is used in many diverse Chinese herbal formulas. It is considered an herb with strong blood-toning characteristics, used to treat the imbalance of blood in the body, cooling and providing nourishment to the blood and activating circulation. More specifically, red peony root is used to treat heat rash, to correct poor circulation and to stop hemorrhages.  White peony root is used for irritability and muscle cramping, vaginal discharges, excessive menstrual bleeding, and excessive sweating.

It is also given to treat a large variety of gynecological disorders and to avert miscarriage.In the databases developed by the Agricultural Research Service of the United States Department of Agriculture, white peony root (from both Paeonia albaflora and subspecies Paeonia albaflora trichocarpa) has been shown to have chemical properties that restore the normal functioning of the digestive system; act as a laxative; relieve pain; reduce or stop spasms or seizures; lower blood pressure by dilating arteries; and improve the nutrition of blood. Peony root appears to have some positive effects in treating anemia, some types of cancer, convulsions, gastritis, hypertension, and some gynecological problems. It can also be used as an emmenagogue, which means that it can bring on a woman's menstrual period.

“Protective effects of peony root extract and its components on neuron damage in the hippocampus induced by the cobalt focus epilepsy model.”
Tsuda, T : Sugaya, A : Ohguchi, H : Kishida, N : Sugaya, E; Exp-Neurol. 1997 Aug; 146(2): 518-25
Protective effects of peony root extract and its components on neuron damage in the CA1 area of the hippocampus induced by the cobalt focus epilepsy model were examined. Neuron damage in the CA1 area of the hippocampus and frequent spike discharges induced by application of metallic cobalt to the cerebral cortex of rats were completely prevented when peony root extract was continuously administered orally at 1 g/kg/day for 30 days prior to cobalt application. Component crude gallotannin fraction showed marked but incomplete protective action. A combination of crude gallotannin fraction and paeoniflorin showed complete protective action in the same way as peony root extract against neuron damage although use of paeoniflorin alone had no effect. These findings together with our previous reports indicate that peony root extract and its component, gallotannin, have excellent protective effects on neuron damage in addition to anticonvulsant action by prior oral administration.

COLEUS FORSKHOLII:

From Wikipedia:

“Plectranthus barbatus”:
Plectranthus barbatus (also called coleus forskohlii, plectranthus forskohlii, and coleus barbatus) is a tropical perennial plant related to the coleus species. It is interesting from a scientific and medicinal standpoint because it produces forskolin.

Forskolin:
Forskolin is a labdane diterpene that is produced by the plant Plectranthus barbatus. Forskolin is commonly used to raise levels of cyclic AMP (cAMP) in the study and research of cell physiology. Forskolin resensitizes cell receptors by activating the enzyme adenylyl cyclase and increasing the intracellular levels of cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate (cyclic AMP or cAMP). Cyclic AMP is an important signal carrier that is necessary for the proper biological response of cells to hormones and other extracellular signals. It is required for cell communication in the hypothalamus/pituitary gland axis and for the feedback control of hormones.

POTENTIAL MEDICAL USE:

Forskolin is a vasodilator. To date (March 2006), there have been two clinical studies examining the effectiveness of forskolin as a weight loss aid. Neither have yet been subject to peer-review or published in a medical journal.

Forskolin may be helpful to control the underlying cause of glaucoma. The sometimes successful use of forskolin to reduce intraocular pressure may be due to its unique ability to stimulate adenylate cyclase activity and increase cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) which regulates and activates critical enzymes required for the cellular energy required to move fluid out of the eye.

Forskolin can also be used to promote nerve repair by increasing cAMP concetrations. Forskolin can activate or upregulate the proliferation of Schwan cells in culture, together with Fibroblast growth factor or Transforming Growth Factor-Beta. Furthermore, Forskolin is known to act via G-protein-coupled receptors

.
Various experimental studies are underway in using Forskolin as an adjuct treatment for diseases such as Parkinsons and/or nerve damage caused by trauma/accident.

“Herbal treatment Forskolin may help knock out for urinary tract infections once and for all”
Medical Research News, published Sunday, 8-Apr-2007 
            Researchers in the United States have found that a common herbal extract which can be bought over the counter at health food stores, has the ability to cut down on urinary tract infections and may also enhance the effect of the antibiotics used to treat such infections.
The team at Duke University Medical Center say an extract from the Indian coleus plant, Forskolin, prevents urinary tract infections in the bladder recurring even after treatment with antibiotics; Forskolin they say has the potential along with antibiotics to kill the bacteria that cause 90 percent of infections in the bladder.

Almost all urinary tract infections (UTI's) in the bladder are caused by the E. coli bacteria and women are far more susceptible to them than men.

All too often the infection returns within weeks of antibiotic treatment; UTI's are a serious health problem affecting millions of people each year and are the second most common type of infection in the body; they account for about 8.3 million doctor visits each year.

One in five women develop a UTI during their lifetime and as many as 20 percent of those will have another, and 30 percent of those will have yet another, with an 80 percent chance of a recurring infection.

Research funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) suggests that one factor behind recurrent UTIs may be the ability of bacteria to attach to cells lining the urinary tract and a recent NIH-funded study found that the bacteria formed a protective film on the inner lining of the bladder in mice.

Although a UTI can exist without symptoms, most people experience some discomfort, ranging from a frequent urge to urinate and a painful, burning feeling in the area of the bladder or urethra during urination, to feeling generally unwell.

It is common for a person with a urinary infection to complain that, despite the urge to urinate, only a small amount of urine is passed which may appear milky or cloudy, even reddish if blood is present.

A UTI accompanied by a fever can indicate the infection has reached the kidneys.

The Duke University researchers carried out a series of experiments in mice, and suggest that urinary tract infections in the bladder return even after treatment with antibiotics because some bacteria hide in cells lining the bladder, where they cannot be reached by antibiotics.

They survive antibiotic treatment and wait for the opportunity to emerge and start multiplying again.

They discovered that Forskolin flushes out hiding colonies of bacteria, making them susceptible to antibiotic treatment.

Lead researcher microbiologist Dr. Soman Abraham says the herb is known to rev up certain cellular activity and has been used in Asia for centuries for a wide variety of ailments,including the treatment of painful urination.

Forskolin is often added to bodybuilding products and promoted for its ability to increase lean body and bone mass, as well as to increase testosterone levels.

The herb has also been claimed to be an effective weight-loss aid but as with most herbal extracts has not been tested nor regulated by the Food and Drug Administration.
Abraham recommends that anyone with a urinary tract infection should contact their physician before trying Forskolin.

For the research the mice had Forskolin injected directly into the bladder or administered intravenously; the herb appeared to expel more than 75 percent of the hiding E. coli and it now remains for the team to establish whether or not the herb is effective when mice receive it orally as that is how it would be used in humans.

The experiments also will combine the use of Forskolin and antibiotics.

Abraham says the treatment strategy may provide a much needed new and effective approach for treating urinary tract infections, because constant antibiotic use has many drawbacks, including expense, possible liver and kidney damage and the potential for creating strains of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

The research is published in the current issue of the journal Nature Medicine and was supported by the National Institutes of Health.

CITATION:

“Effects of Coleus forskohlii on fat storage in ovariectomized rats.”
Han,-L-K; Morimoto,-C; Yu,-R-H; Okuda,-H;  Yakugaku-Zasshi. 2005 May; 125(5): 449-53
The anti-obesity effects of Coleus forskohlii were investigated in ovariectomized (ovx) rats. Eight-week-old female Wistar rats were assigned to four groups: a sham-operated group fed the control diet (MF, sham-m) ; an ovx-m group fed the control diet; a sham-operated group fed the control diet containing 50 g/kg of Coleus forskohlii extract (sham-c) ; and an ovx-c group fed the control diet containing 50 g/kg of Coleus forskohlii extract. The bodyweight, adipose tissues, and cell diameter were investigated in ovx rats after Coleus forskohlii extract treatment. Administration of Coleus forskohlii extracts reduced body weight, food intake, and fat accumulation in ovx rats. Our results suggest that Coleus forskohlii may be useful in the treatment of obesity.

WILD YAM:

Dioscorea Villosa:  This is a species that is found wild in the United States. Its fame is based on contraceptives. This herb also helps out with such things as breast enlargement.

PDRHealth.com:

Latin name: Dioscorea villosa
Other names: China Root, Colic Root, Devil's Bones, Rheumatism Root, Yuma

A Remedy For:
High cholesterol
An extract of Wild Yam has been shown to lower triglycerides and raise levels of the "good" HDL cholesterol that combats build-up of plaque in the arteries. Wild Yam is also considered a remedy for rheumatism, gallbladder problems, cramps, nerve pain, painful menstruation, upset stomach, and morning sickness, but its effectiveness for these problems remains to be confirmed.

What It Is; Why It Works:
Wild Yam calms muscular spasms and seems to have anti-inflammatory properties. It also stimulates the flow of bile and promotes perspiration. It does not, as some believe, serve as a natural source of the female hormone progesterone. It is used in the production of artificial progesterone, but it will not yield the hormone in the absence of a chemical conversion process that the body can't supply.

Wild Yam is a member of the huge Dioscorea family, which includes the common potato. It is named for Dioscorides, the 1st century Greek physician whose botanical writings were the standard for more than a thousand years. Native to North America, the plant is now cultivated in tropical, subtropical, and temperate regions worldwide. The dried root is the medicinal part of the plant.

Special Cautions:
Large doses have been known to cause nausea.

Possible Drug Interactions:
Wild Yam may reduce the effectiveness of the arthritis drug Indocin. It may also add to the effects of medications that contain estrogen.

Overdosage:
Poisoning is conceivable. Take care to avoid excessive doses.

Studies:

“ Nonhormonal therapies for hot flashes in menopause.”
Carroll,-D-G; Am-Fam-Physician. 2006 Feb 1; 73(3): 457-64
 Numerous reports in the medical literature and popular media have discussed the effectiveness of various nonhormonal agents in reducing menopausal hot flash symptoms. Data for these therapies are limited, and most of the studies have been conducted in women with a history of breast cancer. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and venlafaxine have been shown to reduce hot flashes by 19 to 60 percent and were well tolerated by study participants. Soy isoflavones reduced hot flashes by 9 to 40 percent in some trials, but most trials showed no difference compared with placebo. Black cohosh and red clover also have had inconsistent results, with some trials showing benefit and some no difference compared with placebo. Soy isoflavones, black cohosh, and red clover were well tolerated in clinical trials. Other agents that have been used to alleviate hot flashes include belladonna/ergotamine tartrate/phenobarbital combination, dong quai, evening primrose oil, gabapentin, ginseng, mirtazapine, trazodone, vitamin E, and wild yam, but few data regarding their effectiveness have been published. Further randomized controlled trials are needed.


“A diet containing yam reduces the cognitive deterioration and brain lipid peroxidation in mice with senescence accelerated.”
Chan,-Y.C.; Hsu,-C.K.; Wang,-M.F.; Su,-T.Y.  International journal of food science and technology. 2004 Jan., v. 39, no. 1 p. 99-107.
 The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a diet rich in yam tuber material [Dioscorea alata L. Var. purpurea (M.) Pouch.] on the learning and memory ability of 2-month-old male senescence accelerated mice (SAMP8). The mice were fed with three different diets for 12 weeks; a casein diet (control group) and either a casein diet supplemented with 10% lyophilized or with hot-air dried yam. Results of passive and active shuttle avoidance tests showed the mice fed with the diet containing yam had significantly better learning and memory ability than the control group. The thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) in the hippocampus of the group fed lyophilized yam were significantly lower than the control and also the group fed a diet containing hot-air dried yam, whereas the spongy degeneration and the lipofuscin percentage tended to be lower but not significantly different. It was suggested that lyophilized yam was more effective than hot-air dried yam in reducing the lipid peroxidation, brain pa thological changes and the deterioration in the learning and memory ability in mice possibly because lyophilized yam contains more antioxidant compounds.

University of Maryland Medical Center: Wild Yam

Overview:
In the 18th and 19th centuries, wild yam (Dioscorea villosa) was used by herbalists to treat menstrual cramps and problems related to childbirth. The subsequent discovery of a substance contained in wild yams revolutionized the pharmaceutical industry. The tubers, or fleshy, root-like parts, of wild yams (not to be confused with the sweet potato yam) contain diosgenin, a steroid-like substance that is involved in the production of the hormone progesterone. Diosgenin has served a key role in the making of hormones and the development of the birth control pill, two of the major advances in plant drug medicine this century. Wild yam continues to be used for treating menstrual cramps, nausea and morning sickness associated with pregnancy, inflammation, osteoporosis, menopausal symptoms, and other health conditions.

Medicinal Uses and Indications:

GENERAL
Early Americans used wild yam to treat colic; hence, the term colic root. Traditionally, it has been used to treat inflammation, muscle spasms and a range of disorders including asthma. Related species of Dioscorea are used in the Amazon and in central America to treat conditions including fever, urinary tract infections, colds, rheumatism (joint and muscle related conditions), arthritis, hemorrhoids, boils, and dysentery.

MENOPAUSE AND OSTEOPOROSIS
While the diosgenin found in wild yam created quite a stir in the 1990s as a cure for menopausal disorders and other symptoms of aging in women, the plant itself has no proven hormonal action, nor have any studies shown it to be effective in treating hormone related disorders. It is true that diosgenin can be converted into steroidal compounds, which are then used in the chemical synthesis of progesterone, but this is in the laboratory—not in the human body. There is essentially no scientific evidence of wild yam's effectiveness in treating menopausal symptoms or osteoporosis. Although many individuals claim relief of symptoms such as vaginal dryness with the use of progesterone creams, some of which contain an extract of Dioscorea villosa, no well-designed studies have evaluated these creams. Moreover, many products that claim to contain natural progesterone actually contain synthetic medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA).


Supporting Research:
Accatino L, Pizarro M, Solis N, Koenig C. Effects of diosgenin, a plant derived steroid, on bile secretion and hepatocellular cholestasis induced by estrogens in the rat. Hepatology. 1998;28(1):129-140.
Bone K, Mill S, eds. Principles and Practices of Phytotherapy, Modern Herbal Medicine. London: Churchill Livingstone; 2000.
British Herbal Pharmacopoeia. 4th ed. Great Britain: Biddles Ltd, Guildford and King's Lynn; 1996:187.
Duke JA. Phytochemical Database, USDA–ARS–NGRL, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Md. Accessed April 9, 2002 at: www.ars-grin.gov/duke/
Foster S, Tyler VE. Tyler's Honest Herbal. Binghamton, NY: The Haworth Herbal Press; 2000:381-382.
Gruenwald J, Brendler T, Jaenicke C. PDR for Herbal Medicines. 2nd ed. Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics Company; 2000:817-818.
Komesaroff PA, Black CV, Cable V, Sudhir K. Effects of wild yam extract on menopausal symptoms, lipids and sex hormones in healthy menopausal women. Climacteric. 2001;4(2):144-150.
Robbers JE, Tyler VE. Tyler's Herbs of Choice: The Therapeutic Use of Phytomedicinals. New York, NY: The Haworth Herbal Press;1999:187-188.
Taylor M. Alternatives to conventional hormone replacement therapy. Compr Ther. 1997;23(8):514-532.
White L, Mavor S. Kids, Herbs, Health. Loveland, Colo: Interweave Press; 1998:22, 43.

 

CHASTEBERRY:

PDRHealth:
Latin name: Vitex agnus-castus

A Remedy For: Menopausal disorders, Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)
Vitex is also used as a remedy for a variety of other ailments, although its effectiveness for these problems remains unconfirmed. Men take it for impotence, enlarged prostate, and swollen testicles. Women take it to induce menstruation, remedy menstrual irregularities, ease uterine pain, and relieve swollen ovaries. It is also used as a sleep aid, appetite suppressant, and remedy for gas.

What It Is; Why It Works:
The ancient Greeks thought that Vitex encouraged chastity; leaves of the plant were strewn on couches during rituals associated with Demeter, the goddess of agriculture.

The plant is found throughout the entire Mediterranean region as far as western Asia, but is usually collected in Morocco and Albania. It grows 3 to 18 feet high in bush or tree form, with blue or pink flowers about 4 inches in diameter.

The medicinal parts are the ripe, dried fruit and the dried leaves. In laboratory tests, Vitex appears to inhibit production of the hormone prolactin, which stimulates the production of breast milk. It also seems to suppress output of follicle stimulating hormone (the substance that triggers ovulation) while promoting higher levels of the chemical messenger dopamine.

Avoid if...
Do not take Vitex while pregnant or breastfeeding.

Special Cautions:
Tension and swelling of the breast, as well as menstrual disturbances, could be signs of a serious underlying disorder. See your doctor for a diagnosis. Don't rely on Vitex alone.

Skin rash is a potential side effect of Vitex.

Possible Drug Interactions:
Because of its effect on dopamine levels, Vitex may interfere with drugs that inhibit dopamine's effects.

Special Information If You Are Pregnant or Breastfeeding:
Avoid this herb during pregnancy and while breastfeeding.

WebMD cites Chasteberry as an alternative treatment for PMS:

Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) - Other Treatment:
Although premenstrual syndrome (PMS) cannot be cured, you do have a number of lifestyle, medication, and other treatment choices that can reduce your symptoms and improve your quality of life. While most of the therapies listed below are not considered standard treatment for PMS, you may find one or more of them helpful in relieving some of your symptoms. In general, these treatments are safe and well tolerated.

Other Treatment Choices:

COMPLEMENTARY OR ALTERNATIVE THERAPIES:
---Relaxation methods, including relaxation exercises, roll breathing, yoga, and massage therapy

---Bright light therapy. Small studies of bright light therapy suggest that exposure to cool-white fluorescent light in the mornings and evenings on days when PMS symptoms are present may reduce the severity your symptoms.

---Sleep deprivation therapy. Though not widely studied, limiting the amount of sleep you get for one night during your premenstrual phase may improve PMS or PMDD depression. After sleeping only 3 to 4 hours at the beginning or end of one night, women with PMDD have shown improved mood, especially after one recovery night of sleep.  This is thought to be linked to a change in circadian rhythms, which seem to be abnormal in women with PMDD.

VITAMIN AND MINERAL SUPPLEMENTATION OFTEN RECOMMENDED FOR HOME TREATMENT OF PMS AND PMDD:

These supplements are commonly recommended for PMS home treatment:

---Calcium. This mineral affects the hormone-producing endocrine system. Calcium is strongly linked to PMS symptoms and relief. A high level of calcium intake [1200 mg], broken up into three doses per day, may improve your negative moods and reduce fluid retention and pain. Calcium has the added advantage of reducing the risk of osteoporosis.

---Magnesium. Some women with PMS have been found to have low magnesium levels, which are linked to abnormal levels of chemicals (prostaglandins) that increase pain and inflammation. Two or more months of daily magnesium has been shown to reduce premenstrual bloating (water retention).  Magnesium is also likely to improve premenstrual pain and may improve negative mood.

---Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine). This vitamin affects the endocrine system and helps the body use magnesium. Although research and expert opinions are mixed, daily vitamin B6 is likely to improve PMS depression and physical symptoms. Take no more than 100 mg daily to avoid toxic effects on the nervous system.

---Vitamin E. Taken during the premenstrual phase, this vitamin supplement is a recognized treatment for breast tenderness. It may also reduce mood and physical symptoms.  Improvement in weight gain, anxiety, headaches, sweet cravings, depression, insomnia, and low energy are possible.

OTHER MINERAL OR HERBAL THERAPIES SOMETIMES USED FOR PMS:

---Zinc. Zinc may help improve PMS-related acne.

---Vitex (agnus-castus, or chasteberry). Although vitex's action on the body isn't well understood, it does seem to change hormone levels that affect ovulation and estrogen production. Studies have shown that vitex reduces irritability, anger, breast tenderness, bloating, cramping, and headaches.  Possible side effects include nausea, gastrointestinal upset, and malaise.

---Ginkgo biloba. Ginkgo may reduce breast tenderness, bloating, and weight gain.  More study is necessary before ginkgo can be considered a proven PMS treatment

---Black cohosh. One study has shown that black cohosh relieves PMS symptoms of anxiety, tension, and depression.

---Evening primrose (Oenothera biennis). The oil of evening primrose is a rich source of gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), an essential fatty acid, which is thought to affect prostaglandin effects, such as pain, on the body. It may offer mild relief of breast tenderness.  However, most studies have not shown that evening primrose relieves PMS symptoms.

What to Think About:
You can buy vitamin and mineral supplements and herbal remedies in drugstores, grocery stores, or health food stores.

When trying an alternative therapy for PMS or PMDD, first try those that are most known to be effective. Try a therapy for two to three menstrual cycles; some may require use for more than one cycle to be helpful.

As with all supplements, it is important to follow the directions on the supplement label. Do not exceed the maximum dose. If you are trying to become pregnant but want some relief from your PMS symptoms, discuss using nutritional supplements and herbal remedies with your health professional. Certain supplements and remedies have side effects that should be avoided if you are trying to become pregnant.

Studies:

“Chasteberry.”
Roemheld-Hamm,-B ; Am-Fam-Physician. 2005 Sep 1; 72(5): 821-4
 For centuries, chasteberry has been used to treat many hormone-related gynecologic conditions. The current literature supports the use of chasteberry for cyclical breast discomfort and premenstrual syndrome; data on its use for menstrual irregularities and fertility disorders are weak. Its traditional use as a galactagogue (i.e., a substance that enhances breast milk production) is not well supported in the literature and should be discouraged. There are no clinical data to support the use of chasteberry for reducing sexual desire, which has been a traditional application. Chasteberry is well tolerated; reported adverse effects are minor and may include gastrointestinal complaints, dizziness, and dry mouth. No herb-drug interactions have been reported, but caution is advised for its concomitant use with dopamine agonists or antagonists. Optimal standardization and dosing recommendations await clarification in clinical studies.


“A nutritional supplement for improving fertility in women: a pilot study.”
Westphal,-L-M; Polan,-M-L; Trant,-A-S; Mooney,-S-B;  J-Reprod-Med. 2004 Apr; 49(4): 289-93
OBJECTIVE: To determine the impact of nutritional supplementation on optimization of reproductive health in women. STUDY DESIGN: A double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study was initiated to determine the effects of FertilityBlend (Daily Wellness Co., Sunnyvale, California), a proprietary nutritional supplement containing chasteberry and green tea extracts, L-arginine, vitamins (including folate) and minerals. Changes in progesterone level, basal body temperature, menstrual cycle, pregnancy rate and side effects were monitored. RESULTS: Thirty women aged 24-46 years who had tried unsuccessfully to conceive for 6-36 months completed the study. After 3 months, the supplement group (n = 15) demonstrated a trend toward an increase in mean midluteal phase progesterone level (from 8.2 to 12.8 ng/mL, P = .08) and a significant increase in the average number of days in the cycle with basal temperatures >37 degrees C during the luteal phase (6.8-9.7 days, P = .04). The placebo group (n = 15) did not show any notable changes after treatment in any of the parameters studied. After 5 months, 5 of the 15 women in the supplement group were pregnant (33%), and none of the 15 women in the placebo group were (P <.01). No significant side effects were noted. CONCLUSION: Nutritional supplementation may provide an attractive alternative or complement to conventional fertility therapy. 

GENERAL REFERENCES ON PHYTOPROGESTERONES:

Agarwal KC, Parks RE Jr. Forskolin: a potential antimetastatic agent. Int J Cancer. 1983 Dec 15;32(6):801-4.
Ben-Shlomo I, Goldman S, Shalev E. Regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), tissue inhibitor of MMP, and progesterone secretion in luteinized granulosa cells from normally ovulating women with polycystic ovary disease. Fertil Steril. 2003 Mar;79 Suppl 1:694-701.
Dhawan K, Kumar S, Sharma A. Anti-anxiety studies on extracts of Passiflora incarnata Linneaus. J Ethnopharmacol. 2001 Dec;78(2-3):165-70.
Halaska M, Raus K, Beles P, Martan A, Paithner KG. [Treatment of cyclical mastodynia using an extract of Vitex agnus castus: results of a double-blind comparison with a placebo] Ceska Gynekol. 1998 Oct;63(5):388-92. Czech.
Yamamoto M, Kumagai A, Yamamura Y. Structure and action of saikosaponins isolated from Bupleurum falcatum L. II. Metabolic actions of saikosaponins, especially a plasma cholesterol-lowering action. Arzneimittelforschung. 1975 Aug;25(8):1240-3.
Yang HO, Ko WK, Kim JY, Ro HS. Paeoniflorin: an antihyperlipidemic agent from Paeonia lactiflora. Fitoterapia. 2004 Jan;75(1):45-9.
Zanoli P, Avallone R, Baraldi M. Behavioral characterisation of the flavonoids apigenin and chrysin. Fitoterapia. 2000 Aug;71 Suppl 1:S117-23.
Zhang R, Zhou J, Jia Z, Zhang Y, Gu G. Hypoglycemic effect of Rehmannia glutinosa oligosaccharide in hyperglycemic and alloxan-induced diabetic rats and its mechanism. J Ethnopharmacol. 2004 Jan;90(1):39-43.

 

 

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